#Book: Behave
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Three metaphorical layers of the brain
Attention! These are NOT literal layers of the brain. Let’s begin by examining the macro-organization of the brain. For this, we’ll use a model proposed in the 1960s by neuroscientist Paul MacLean. His “triune brain” model describes the brain as having three...Third metaphoric layer of the brain
The neocortex, which evolved relatively recently, is located on the surface of the brain. Proportionally, this level occupies more space in the brains of primates than in those of other animal species. Cognition, memory storage, sensory processing,...Second metaphoric layer of the brain
This region evolved later and developed in mammals. MacLean explained that this level is associated with emotions — a kind of mammalian invention. If you witness something brutal and horrifying, the neural structures at this level send a signal to the ancient...First metaphoric layer of the brain
The ancient component of the brain — its foundation — is present across a range of species, from humans to geckos. This level controls automatic regulatory functions. If body temperature drops, this part of the brain responds by instructing the muscles to...The consequences the load on the frontal cortex
When cognitive load on the prefrontal cortex is increased, subjects eventually become less inclined to engage in prosocial behavior, such as charity or helping others, and more inclined to lie. When the load is increased specifically through tasks requiring...Limbic Pathways: How Emotion Bypasses Cortical Damage
Damage to certain areas of the cortex due to a stroke can block the ability to speak; yet some patients manage to convey their cerebral world of language through alternative emotional, limbic pathways — they can sing what they want to say. The cortex and the...Self-control is a finite resource.
Willpower isn’t just a metaphor — it’s the work of the brain’s frontal cortex, which consumes a tremendous amount of energy to function. Its activity is marked by an extremely high level of metabolism and the activation of genes involved in energy production....About PFC (Prefrontal Cortex)
- Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC): Involved in executive functions, such as working memory, cognitive control, planning, and reasoning. - Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (VMPFC): Associated with decision-making, particularly in the context of risk and...About oxytocin in long term relationships of monkeys
The following information was taken from the book Behave, from the chapter about oxytocin. There was a study that makes people squirm due to how much it reflects stereotypical human couples. In tamarin monkeys, who also form pair bonds, active grooming and...Should understanding everything must lead to forgiveness?
According to Robert Sapolsky in Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst: It is a mistake to think that understanding everything must lead to forgiveness. The fact that we can explain a horrific act of murder through neurobiology should not...You do not have permission to send messages in this channel. It is READ-only! :)