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Three metaphorical layers of the brain
Attention! These are NOT literal layers of the brain. Let’s begin by examining the macro-organization of the brain. For this, we’ll use a model proposed in the 1960s by neuroscientist Paul MacLean. His “triune brain” model describes the brain as having three...Third metaphoric layer of the brain
The neocortex, which evolved relatively recently, is located on the surface of the brain. Proportionally, this level occupies more space in the brains of primates than in those of other animal species. Cognition, memory storage, sensory processing,...Second metaphoric layer of the brain
This region evolved later and developed in mammals. MacLean explained that this level is associated with emotions — a kind of mammalian invention. If you witness something brutal and horrifying, the neural structures at this level send a signal to the ancient...First metaphoric layer of the brain
The ancient component of the brain — its foundation — is present across a range of species, from humans to geckos. This level controls automatic regulatory functions. If body temperature drops, this part of the brain responds by instructing the muscles to...The consequences the load on the frontal cortex
When cognitive load on the prefrontal cortex is increased, subjects eventually become less inclined to engage in prosocial behavior, such as charity or helping others, and more inclined to lie. When the load is increased specifically through tasks requiring...Limbic Pathways: How Emotion Bypasses Cortical Damage
Damage to certain areas of the cortex due to a stroke can block the ability to speak; yet some patients manage to convey their cerebral world of language through alternative emotional, limbic pathways — they can sing what they want to say. The cortex and the...Self-control is a finite resource.
Willpower isn’t just a metaphor — it’s the work of the brain’s frontal cortex, which consumes a tremendous amount of energy to function. Its activity is marked by an extremely high level of metabolism and the activation of genes involved in energy production....About PFC (Prefrontal Cortex)
- Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC): Involved in executive functions, such as working memory, cognitive control, planning, and reasoning. - Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (VMPFC): Associated with decision-making, particularly in the context of risk and...Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex in the mammalian brain. The ventral medial prefrontal is located in the frontal lobe at the bottom of the cerebral hemispheres and is implicated in the processing of risk and fear,...Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC or DMPFC is a section of the prefrontal cortex in some species' brain anatomy. It includes portions of Brodmann areas BA8, BA9, BA10, BA24 and BA32, although some authors identify it specifically with BA8 and BA9. Some...page 4 / 5
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